Van Dyck shot and killed the woman; soon, hundreds of American Indians amassed outside the wall and simply walked around the defensive line. After sacking New Amsterdam, taking hostages in Pavonia now Jersey City , and burning fields in Staten Island, the American Indians retreated, and when Stuyvesant returned from Delaware, he had to negotiate an arms-for-hostages trade using gunpowder to buy back the colonists. In the wake of this attack, the wall was strengthened, with a Hudson River flank added.
My tenth-great-grandfather, Johannes Nevius, who would later become the secretary of New Amsterdam, forfeited his prime property on the southeast corner of Broadway and Wall Street so that the street widening could happen.
When the English showed up in to conquer New Amsterdam, the wall was no deterrent. Meanwhile, the island itself was expanding. As landfill was added, the East River shoreline was pushed from Pearl to the aptly named Water Street, and then later to Front Street, with Wall Street expanding with the island.
In the early 18th century, the border would be pushed again to South Street. In , the first wharf was built at the foot of the street at the East River, and the eastern end of the street began to grow into a mercantile center. The market took on other functions, including selling grain, and was dubbed the Meal Market, though slaves continued to be sold there until , when the market finally closed.
Slavery itself continued to be legal in New York until , and in some cases people remained in bondage even longer. Though a pier remained at the East River foot of the street, the Ratzer Map shows most of the docks were now in the area north of Wall Street. Instead, Wall Street was becoming an upscale address. At the Broadway end of the street stood the first Anglican parish, Trinity Church, built in with financial help from Captain Kidd.
On September 15, , the British chased George Washington and his troops out of Lower Manhattan; five days later, a fire broke out in a tavern near the Battery, quickly spreading up the west side of the island toward Wall Street.
The question of whether the fire was an accident or arson remains unanswered. Though a few blocks south of Wall Street burned, the fire was mostly contained to the west side of Broadway.
Trinity Church was lost—along with approximately to other buildings—but everything else on Wall Street remained intact. The Presbyterian Church, whose members were staunch patriots, was requisitioned as a British barracks ; the nearby Baptist Church became a stable. City Hall, meanwhile, became a headquarters for the Redcoats.
Very little of what burned down in the fire was cleared or rebuilt during the war, and the British may have used the ruins of Trinity Church as the backdrop for a summer theater. On this triumphal entry to the city, Washington would have passed the old City Hall, little realizing that in six years it would become his office as the capitol building. It was here the Bill of Rights was ratified and numerous early laws passed by the first Congress. Traders began to buy and sell private shares of stock and loans in the form of bonds.
As Charles R. Geisst notes in Wall Street: A History :. As the nascent securities business quickly grew, the traders divided themselves into two classes—auctioneers and dealers. Auctioneers set the process, while dealers traded among themselves and with the auctioneers. This early form of trading set a precedent that would become embedded in American market practice for the next two hundred years. The closing bell is then rung at 4 p. If you are lucky enough, and happen to show up on the right day and time, you just might hear it emanating from outside.
In the past, the bells used to be rung by floor managers, but they later started inviting executives, public figures, and celebrities to ring them, which became a daily event.
Who knows who you may spot by the NYSE and its surrounding areas if you show up at the right bell-time? The opening and closing bells are one of those things both New Yorkers and non-New Yorkers alike have to experience at least once in their lifetime. On special holidays, like Independence Day, the American flag will hang proudly across the building.
The NYSE loves to build their brand with companies they work with. The NYSE hangs banners for their listed companies and for special occasions, but there are also certain days throughout the year reserved for special events. One of these is during the holidays. The moment when the single switch is flipped to light up the entire NYSE is truly an amazing sight. Listed company sponsors, artists, and partners all stop by to celebrate the holiday season.
Most people walk right by or snap a picture and leave. The best way to learn about it is with a guide — but not just any guide, a Wall Street insider.
Wall Street has plenty of other fun and historical sites to see. Before or after your visit to the stock exchange, you can check out:. The original structure stretched more than 70 miles across the northern English countryside from the River Tyne near the city of Newcastle The Dutch first settled along the Hudson River in ; two years later they established the colony of New Amsterdam on Manhattan Island.
In , the English took control of the area and renamed it New York. One of the original 13 colonies, New York played a crucial political Legends claim that the earliest rulers in China were the Xia Dynasty, from to B. The first native New Yorkers were the Lenape, an Algonquin people who hunted, fished and farmed in the area between the Delaware and Hudson rivers. Europeans began to explore the region at the beginning of the 16th century—among the first was Giovanni da Verrazzano, an Italian Live TV.
This Day In History. History Vault. The Buttonwood Traders. Wall Street History in Photos. Recommended for you. How the Troubles Began in Northern Ireland. Hidden History: Wall Street. Viva Vision and the Fremont Street Experience. Great Wall of China. Builders of China's Great Wall. Mexico Timeline From the stone cities of the Maya to the might of the Aztecs, from its conquest by Spain to its rise as a modern nation, Mexico boasts a rich history and cultural heritage spanning more than 10, years.
See More. Standing on Wall Street, you can see the building rise ten stories above the sidewalk. Six Corinthian columns steadily rise from a seven-bay-wide podium set between two rectangular pilasters.
George Post complemented the even-numbered six columns with the symmetry of seven—a center flat-arched doorway with three more on either side. The podium symmetry continues to the second story, where directly above each street-level doorway is a contrasting round-arched opening. Balustraded balconies between floors provide the classic ornamentation, as do lintels with carved fruit and flowers.
He studied both architecture and civil engineering at New York University. By the time he won the NYSE commission, Post already had experience with commercial buildings, particularly a new type of structure—the skyscraper or " elevator building.
Post died in , ten years after the completion of 18 Broad Street. From above one can easily see a "stuck on" quality to this facade. Instead, the structure's roof includes a huge, 30 feet square skylight. The facade's pediment roof covers the portico. The building has two facades—the famous facade of Broad Street and another on New Street. The New Street facade is complementary in functionality a similar wall of glass complements the Broad Street windows but is less grand in ornamentation for example, the columns are not fluted.
The Landmarks Preservation Commission noted that "The entire Broad Street facade is surmounted by a shallow cornice composed of an egg and dart molding and regularly spaced carved lions heads, setting off a balustraded parapet. NYSE Euronext. The portico, or porch, is noteworthy of classical architecture, including buildings such as skyscraper architect Cass Gilbert's US Supreme Court Building. The entablature, above the columns and below the roof, contains the frieze , a horizontal band that runs below the cornice.
The frieze may be decorated with designs or carvings. A series of columns is known as a colonnade. Fluted grooved shafts visually intensify the rising height of the columns. Decorated, bell-shaped capitals at the tops of the shafts are typical features of this elaborate yet graceful architecture.
The pediment is the triangular piece that forms the natural roof of the classical portico. Visually it combines the rising strength of each column into a single focal peak. Practically it allows a space in which to display ornamentation that may be symbolic to the building. Unlike the protecting griffins from ages past, this building's classical statuary depicts more modern symbols of the United States.
Pediment ornamentation continues with "a dentilled and modillioned cornice. High relief as opposed to bas relief symbolic figures were placed in the pediment after the building's completion. The Smithsonian Art Inventory describes the largest statue as a "classically robed female figure" called "Integrity," who "stretches both of her arms outward with clenched fists. The ft. Integrity protects the "works of man," including figures symbolizing Science, Industry, Agriculture, Mining, and a figure that represents "Realizing Intelligence.
Getulio Piccirilli carved the original figures in marble.
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